By Elimu Assistant Team 
Challenges encountered by the pan African movement.
- Many European groups fought the activities of the pan-Africanists. The fact that Marcus Garvey was arrested, tried, and convicted of fraud (collecting funds unlawfully) and imprisoned for five years is a clear manifestation of this.
- It was difficult for the Africans to participate in African affairs since the majority of Africans were still under colonialism.
- Due to a lack of economic empowerment and lack of education, many of the pan-African projects did not succeed. The Marcus Garvey project for instance collapsed due to mismanagement.
- Illiteracy and ignorance amongst some people of African origin hindered them from offering constructive support.
- The movement was restricted to the African continent after independence in the 1960s.
- The absence of African Americans in the affairs of the continent dealt a big blow to its progress.
- Division among Africans after independence e.g. Radical and conservative leaders and between the francophone and the Anglophone countries.
- The European power’s domination of the international media was used to water down the importance of pan-Africans by spreading negative propaganda.
- Some of the pan-African leaders could not agree on the best strategy for uplifting the welfare of the African-origin peoples.
- The deep economic connection between colonies and the mother countries hindered any meaningful cooperation.
- The lack of venues to hold conferences in Africa, especially before 1957 meant that the movement could not take root in Africa quickly. The far-away venues were inconveniencing.
